Progress in Engineering Technology II by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030460365
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

13.1.1 Literature Review

The study on DC drive EVs includes the design of new DC motors, battery charger, and four-quadrant choppers to improve the performance and extend the capability of EVs, such as adding the mode of chopper operations [1–4]. Further investigations of four-quadrant direct current chopper (FQDC) hardware and simulation model include a feedback control using DC control and optimization using artificial intelligence to optimize all operations to produce a complete EV while running in different earth profiles [5–13]. This paper further extends on the study and investigation of one of the modes of the proposed chopper operations, which is the reverse mode. The vehicle reverse mode is shown in Fig. 13.1. After releasing the pulses, a load current that corresponds to the preset control factor α (related to duty ratio) flows through the chopper. In this mode, the back electromagnetic force (EMF), armature voltage, and torque are negative. The paths of currents for reverse operation are shown in Fig. 13.1. The switching of the main IGBT V1 is determined by the control factor α.

Fig. 13.1Current paths in reverse mode

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